This is a practical guide to communication activities in the language classroom, suitable for use with students from elementary to advanced level. Part I contains instructions for over 100 different exercises, including interviews, guessing games, jigsaw tasks, problem solving, values clarification techniques, mime, role play and story telling. For each activity, notes are also provided on the linguistic and educational aims, the level, organisation, time and preparation required. Part II contains the accompanying worksheets, which can be copied, making many of the activities instantly available for use in class. A comprehensive table of activities and an index are included for ease of reference.

Provides a wide variety of interesting and up to date reading material from British and American sources. It also offers challenging exercises and concentrates on developing rather than testing reading ability. This is the teacher text which accompanies the student text.

Teaching Listening Comprehension is about developing listening comprehension skills in the language classroom. In Part I, some essential background issues are dealt with. The author defines the characteristics of real-life listening, analyses the problems encountered by language learners, and discusses the considerations involved in planning successful classroom listening practice. Part II contains a wide variety of exercise types. The activities range in level from elementary to advanced and illustrate techniques appropriate for both adults and children. The exercises can be used as they stand or they can serve as models for teachers who wish to design their own materials.

In these essays, written (with one exception) between 1978 and 1982, Immanuel Wallerstein elaborates on the political and theoretical implications of the world-systems perspective outlined in his celebrated books The Modern World-System and The Capitalist World-Economy. Whereas those books centred on the historical development of the modern world-system, the essays in this volume explore the nature of world politics in the light of Wallerstein's analysis of the world-system and capitalist world-economy. Throughout, the essays offer new perspectives on the central issues of political debate today: the roles of the USA and the USSR in the world-system, the relations of the Third World states to the capitalist 'core', and the potential for socialist or revolutionary change. Different sections deal with the three major political institutions of the modern world-system: the states, the antisystemic movements, and the civilizations. The states are a classic rubric of political analysis. For Wallerstein, the limits of sovereignty are at least as important as the powers — these limits deriving from the obligatory location of the modern state in the interstate system. Social movements are a second classic rubric. For Wallerstein, the principal questions are the degree to which such movements are antisystemic, and the dilemmas state power poses for antisystemic movements. Civilizations, in contrast, are not normally seen as a political institution. That however is for Wallerstein the key to the analysis of their role in the contemporary world, and thereby a key to understanding the politics of social science.

In Foreign and Second Language Learning, William Littlewood surveys recent research into how people acquire languages and considers its relevance for language teaching. He describes the most important studies and ideas about first language acquisition, and how these have influenced and developed into studies of second language acquisition. He considers the background of language theories which were current before the present interest in acquisition research, and looks at factors such as learners' errors, whether learners are predisposed to acquire language in certain sequences, why some people are apparently more successful at learning languages than others, and how learners make use of their new language to communicate. The use of clear examples, the careful explanation and balanced commentary on the research enable the reader to evaluate the evidence and consider the relevance of work in this field to the day to day concerns of teaching and learning languages.

Cambridge Proficiency Examination Practice 1 contains five complete sets of authentic past papers from the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate issued in recent years for the Cambridge Proficiency Examination. The practice tests are reproduced in exactly the same form as in the examination itself. The accompanying cassettes contain the recorded material and instructions for the listening comprehension questions, which are also presented in the same form that students will meet in the examination. The accompanying Teacher's Book contains a full introduction to the exam, including notes on CPE examiners' marking criteria — especially in relation to the Writing paper — plus the tapescript and keys to each test.

Stories can provide a highly motivating, engaging and realistic source of genuine language interaction in the classroom. They are 'living language' in which the teacher (or student storyteller) becomes the source of language, and the listeners are actively involved in understanding. The authors argue from experience that almost everyone can tell stories convincingly, especially given an outline to work from. A very wide range of these outlines, from many cultures and sources, are provided. These can be used by the teacher as a resource for a variety of activities for students from beginner to advanced levels, including listening comprehension, grammar practice, oral production and fluency practice, but above all for exposure to real spoken language.

Accents of English is about the way English is pronounced by different people in diffeent places. Volume I provides a synthesizing introduction, which shows how accents vary not only geographically, but also with social class, formality, sex and age; and in volumes 2 and 3 the author examines in greater depth the various accents used by people who speak English as their mother tongue: the accents of the regions of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland (volume 2), and of the USA, Canada, and West Indies, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Black Africa and the Far East (volume 3). Each volume can be read independently, and together they form a major scholarly survey of considerable originality, which not only includes descriptions of hitherto neglected accents, but also examines the implications for phonological theory.

How can you make a discussion really work? What sort of activities produce genuine and enthusiastic exchanges of ideas? How can you prepare such exercises quickly and easily? These are some of the questions that Discussions that Work sets out to answer. The first part provides some general guidelines on the organisation of successful task-centred activities. The second part consists of some fifty practical examples which have been tried and found effective in the classroom. They range from fairly simple to complex and sophisticated, and can thus be used with a wide range of learners, from elementary to the most advanced, in both secondary and adult education.

This book is the first critical survey of the development and achievements of 'modern' Arabic poetry, here signifying the period from the latter half of the nineteenth century to the present day. It ranges over the entire Arabic-speaking world and includes a discussion of the work of poets who emigrated to the United States and Latin America. Four main stages are examined in the development of a specifically modern Arabic poetry: the 'neoclassical', in which poets turned to their literary heritage for their ideals and inspiration; the pre-romantic', which was marked by a tension between a modified classical style and new romantic sentiments, itself the reflection of a wider cultural movement towards change and modernization; the 'romantic', in which the tensions between form and content were resolved, and a lyricism and simplicity of language become the norm; and the 'modern' or 'contemporary' which is typified by a reaction against romanticism, and dominated by either committed social realism or symbolism and surrealism. In the absence of any similar published work in a European language, the book, as well as being designed for students of Arabic literature and of comparative literature, will also be of interest to the general reader. No knowledge of Arabic is presupposed: all the verse (newly translated by the author) is given in English translation, and technical terminology has been reduced to a minimum.

The initial steps which led to the founding of the great educational institutions of the world are known in very few instances. Seldom was any record even made of them, their significance not being recognized when the events occurred. The author of this work, Thomas Wakefield Goodspeed, was intimately connected with the persons and events involved in the founding of the University of Chicago in 1891. His detailed account of that institution's first twenty-five years, originally published in 1916, reveals that the chief participants were aware from the beginning of the magnitude and importance of their enterprise. As Goodspeed shows, once the main roles were cast — in the persons of John D. Rockefeller and William Rainey Harper — the University of Chicago was irrevocably headed for greatness. Without the support of both of these men it would never have become one of the nation's major universities in a mere quarter century. Although Harper died in 1906, his innovative mind and unflagging energy left an indelible mark on the university during the fifteen years of his presidency. The study provides detailed information on the founding of the university, the procurement of funds, the recruitment of faculty, the construction of buildings, student life, and the problems of continuing growth.

In addition to the traditional emphasis at this level on skills development, The Cambridge CAE Course focuses on other areas of language such as pronunciation, vocabulary extension, functional language and style. The Self-study Student's Book contains introductory notes on the CAE papers and self-study techniques, together with annotated keys and tapescripts.

Communicative Syllabus Design provides a model for specifying the syllabus content relevant to the needs of different types or groups of foreign-language learner. Clear examples are given at every stage of the explanation with two detailed studies of how the model works in practice. It should be invaluable to anyone writing ESP courses. Teachers who are involved in planning general courses should also find it relevant and informative since the criteria for analysing communicative needs can easily be adapted for their purposes.

This very popular pronunciation practice book is for intermediate and more advanced students of English who wish to improve their pronunciation and listening comprehension. The material can be used in class or by learners studying individually, using the cassette recordings. The practice material is illustrated by amusing cartoons throughout the book.

An anthology of readings, and a handbook of grammar troublespots all in one volume. The Student's Book provides a thematically arranged collection of photos and readings, with topics ranging from culture and society, to environmental concerns, to work and family. It features a guide to the 21 most common grammar problems, with self-tests and exercises. It also contains information on research papers, documentation styles, and essay examinations.

From Writing to Composing, Second Edition, is a major revision of this classic groundbreaking writing book. Although it retains the unique approach of the first edition — interweaving structured guided writing activities with freer activities that use a multi-drafting approach — the Student's Book has been radically transformed. New and updated tasks appear together with many of the popular and original, lively writing activities. All the units are new, and the book has a new, 2-part structure. The first part of the book introduces different genres of writing and the key activity types of the book. The second part teaches how to write paragraphs using different modes of rhetorical organization to describe someone's daily routine, and enumeration to classify something into its different types. Throughout the book, students build a portfolio of their writing and produce projects that they publish in wall displays, a class newspaper, or a class website.

This is a resource book for teachers containing material for a wide variety of games which can be played in the English language classroom. Each game focuses on one or more points of English grammar. A specification is given for each game, describing its level, materials needed, grammar points practised and time required. Grammar Games enables teachers to integrate grammar practice into their classes in novel and motivating ways.

Listening Tasks is designed for students who need to understand authentic American English, spoken at normal speed in everyday situations. In the Student's Book, many practical topics, such as calling about an apartment, catching a plane, and finding out what's going on in town, make the material interesting and motivating.

The New Cambridge English Course is a course teachers and students can rely on to cover the complete range and depth of language and skills needed from beginner to upper-intermediate level. Each level is designed to provide at least 72 hours of class work using the Student's Book, with additional self-study material provided in the Practice Book. The course has a proven multi-syllabus approach which integrates work on all the vital aspects of language study: grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, skills, notions and functions.

Practical Faster Reading provides the basis for a reading improvement course lasting a total of 30 class hours and has proved popular with students and teachers in a variety of settings. Thirty passages covering a wide range of topics of general interest and accompanying exercises give practice in the reading skills needed at upper-intermediate and more advanced levels. Substantial increases in reading speed are usually attained with improvements in comprehension and vocabulary. The full answer key for self-checking also makes this useful for the student working alone.